Signs of Hyperarousal

Body/somatic

•      Agitation, difficulty relaxing

•      psychomotor hyperactivity

•      tingling

•      twitching

•      Hyperventilation, difficulty breathing

•      Exaggerated startle

•      increased heart rate

•      Hot flashes, flushing

•      Sweating

•      cold hands + feet

•      muscle tension

•      chronic pain

•      insomnia

Emotion

•      Emotional volatility, mood swings

•      euphoria, mania, grandiosity

•      anxiety, panic

•      Reports of flashbacks,

•      nightmares

•      irritability, anger

 

Cognitive

•      racing, repetitive, obsessive, intrusive thoughts

•      worry, rumination

•      rapid or disorganized speech;

•      jumping from topic to topic

•      executive dysfunction (memory, planning, decisions)

 

 

Conative/Motivational

·         excessive, obsessive striving/effort

·         scrupulosity/perfectionism

·         also apathy/withdrawal

 

Perception

•      Perceptual hypersensitivity

•      sounds too loud

•      light sensitivity

 

Social

•      Social engagement dysregulated

•      inhibition/withdrawal (also disinhibition, disruptive, interrupting)

•      Inability to make eye contact during interviews/interactions



Signs of Dissociation

Body/Somatic

•      Flaccid muscle tone

•      Extremely still (frozen)

•      Pale skin tone

•      fixed gaze (“thousand yard stare”), glassy eyes

Cognitive

•      Few thoughts, “mind is blank”

•      “Can’t think”

•      concept loss

•      Slow responses

•      Difficulty evaluating surroundings

•      executive dysfunction (memory, planning, decisions)

•      Slowed/slurred  or disorganized speech

•      “Spacey” ,“ungrounded”

•      hypernowness, no past or future

Self

•      Disconnected from body, emotions, thoughts

•      Outside body or at distance

•      Disownership

•      Don’t exist, not here

Emotion/Motivation

•      Affective flattening, blunted emotions, loss of emotion

•      normal emotions but  “can’t feel them” or “not mine”

•      apathy, feel dead, nothing matters

•      lack of meaning, motivation

Perception

•      World appears  unreal or dreamlike

•      objects appear flat/2-dimensional; “cartoon-like”

•      distance distortions

•      visual hyper-clarity or fog

Social + Occupational

•      Social engagement system offline

•      not seeking social support

•      withdrawn/avoidant

•      Eye contact difficulty

•      Dissociation vs  meditative calm

•      Disconnected from thoughts, body, emotions, world, others

•      “Not here”

•      immobility; frozen quality

•      Sudden resolution of distress

•      “Feel fine”

•      “Nothing going on”