Signs of Hyperarousal
Body/somatic
• Agitation, difficulty relaxing
• psychomotor hyperactivity
• tingling
• twitching
• Hyperventilation, difficulty breathing
• Exaggerated startle
• increased heart rate
• Hot flashes, flushing
• Sweating
• cold hands + feet
• muscle tension
• chronic pain
• insomnia
Emotion
• Emotional volatility, mood swings
• euphoria, mania, grandiosity
• anxiety, panic
• Reports of flashbacks,
• nightmares
• irritability, anger
Cognitive
• racing, repetitive, obsessive, intrusive thoughts
• worry, rumination
• rapid or disorganized speech;
• jumping from topic to topic
• executive dysfunction (memory, planning, decisions)
Conative/Motivational
· excessive, obsessive striving/effort
· scrupulosity/perfectionism
· also apathy/withdrawal
Perception
• Perceptual hypersensitivity
• sounds too loud
• light sensitivity
Social
• Social engagement dysregulated
• inhibition/withdrawal (also disinhibition, disruptive, interrupting)
• Inability to make eye contact during interviews/interactions
Signs of Dissociation
Body/Somatic
• Flaccid muscle tone
• Extremely still (frozen)
• Pale skin tone
• fixed gaze (“thousand yard stare”), glassy eyes
Cognitive
• Few thoughts, “mind is blank”
• “Can’t think”
• concept loss
• Slow responses
• Difficulty evaluating surroundings
• executive dysfunction (memory, planning, decisions)
• Slowed/slurred or disorganized speech
• “Spacey” ,“ungrounded”
• hypernowness, no past or future
Self
• Disconnected from body, emotions, thoughts
• Outside body or at distance
• Disownership
• Don’t exist, not here
Emotion/Motivation
• Affective flattening, blunted emotions, loss of emotion
• normal emotions but “can’t feel them” or “not mine”
• apathy, feel dead, nothing matters
• lack of meaning, motivation
Perception
• World appears unreal or dreamlike
• objects appear flat/2-dimensional; “cartoon-like”
• distance distortions
• visual hyper-clarity or fog
Social + Occupational
• Social engagement system offline
• not seeking social support
• withdrawn/avoidant
• Eye contact difficulty
• Dissociation vs meditative calm
• Disconnected from thoughts, body, emotions, world, others
• “Not here”
• immobility; frozen quality
• Sudden resolution of distress
• “Feel fine”
• “Nothing going on”